THE FUNCTIONING OF PRIMARY INTERJECTIONS IN THE ASPECT OF THE CATEGORY OF ESTIMATION

Abstract

The article focuses on a problem that is relevant in linguistic pragmatics. The aim of the research is to study the features of the use of primary interjections as discursive words in the aspect of the expression of estimative functions. The terms “interjection” and “grammar of estimation” have been updated, and the role of primary interjections in modeling the estimative tonality of the utterance has been defined. The research methodology involves the use of the following methods: sampling for the selection of actual material; linguistic observation for systematic and purposeful perception of the studied material in order to understand its properties; component analysis to establish the value of the studied structures, in particular, the revealing of the assessment component; analysis and synthesis to identify and distinguish the types of researched units and present them in a system complex. The examples from the fiction of different periods and the interpretation of the meanings of studied words from the Great Explanatory Dictionary of the Modern Ukrainian Language edited by V. T. Busel (2005) were used in this research to demonstrate the specificity of the functioning of primary interjections in the focus of axiological pragmalinguistics. Monosemantic and multi-functional units were selected for analysis. The last represent polar axiological meanings, which makes it possible to change the axiological shades of the meanings of the studied elements in a specific communicative situation. The scientific novelty of the study is that a comprehensive systematic description of the features of the expression of estimative meanings was carried out in the process of updating the meanings of primary interjections in the modern Ukrainian language. The analyzed material has shown the superiority of the means of negative estimation, which is explained by the psychological specificity of human thinking and, accordingly, the quantitative prevalence of negatively estimated units on the axiological scale. The results of the article will supplement the theory of axiological pragmalinguistics, functional grammar, grammar of estimation, discursive linguistics, as well as linguistic and educational literature with descriptions of the features of modeling pragmatic meaning using primary interjections.