ADVERBS IN -O (-Е) // LY AS OBLIGATORY COMPONENTS OF SEMANTIC AND SYNTAX STRUCTURE OF SENTENCES

Abstract

The article deals with one aspects of the adverb functioning within a sentence as a top syntactic unit. Its purpose is as follows: to reveal the factors of the obligatoriy of Ukrainian and English adverbs on -o (-e) // -ly in the semantic-syntactic structure of the sentence-expression as a certain syntactic model realized in speech. The essence of the concept of “semantic-syntactic structure of the sentence” (the basic element of the content plan of the sentence as a linguistic sign, reflection in the linguistic consciousness of the native speakers of the language of a typical elaming situation) is revealed, its components are named: predicate and arguments and relationships between them. It is shown that the core of the semantic structure forms a predicate as a bearer of valence: it determines the quantitative and qualitative composition of arguments, partly cheese and attributive components. It is emphasized that the components caused by the valence action of the predicate are obligatory components of the semantic-syntactic structure of the sentence, and those that are not dependent on it are optional. It has been confirmed that adverbs on -o (-e) // -ly are mostly optional components of sentences and functioning in them as representatives of curtailed proposals, that is, as secondary predicates. Their semantic heterogeneity, the presence of units with the value / evaluation, the method of action, the limitation of the scope of the manifestation of the trait, the quality, quantities, frequency and interval, time, place, purpose are demonstrated. The likelihood of functioning in the Ukrainian and English languages of the analyzed structural type of adverbs as obligatory components is certified. The factors that determine this board are: semantic, communicative, contextual. The essence of the first is related to the ability of adverbs to perform atypical argument roles; the second – with the likelihood of inadequate interpretation of the sentence, provided the adverb pass; the third – with the presence of such models of context (repetition, juxtaposition, objection, etc.) that translate them into the rank of compulsory components.